A ray of light is incident on a thick slab of glass of thickness t as shown in the figure. The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray but displaced sideways by a distance d. If the angles are small then d is, :

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C
:

From figure, in right angled 


or d = BC sin (i – r) …(i)
Also, in right angled 

…(ii)
Substitute equation (ii) in equation (i), we get

For small angles sin 

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